Networks, Propinquity, and Innovation in Knowledge-intensive Industries

Research and fellowship support was provided by grants from the National Science Foundation (#0097970 and #0545634), the National Bureau of Economic Research, and the Hewlett Foundation through a grant to the Santa Fe Institute. We thank the members of the Powell “lab” group, the Scancor Seminar, the Co-Evolution of States and Markets group at SFI, and the Harvard Business School Entrepreneurship Conference for helpful comments on earlier drafts. Thanks also to Tim Bresnahan, Dan Carpenter, Elisabeth Clemens, Lee Fleming, Mauro Guillén, Bruce Kogut, Paul McLean, John Padgett, Charles Perrow, Annalee Saxenian, Olav Sorenson, Josh Whitford, and Marc Schneiberg for very useful suggestions. We are very grateful to Elaine Romanelli and three anonymous ASQ reviewers for rich, constructive feedback. All remaining errors are, of course, our own. Networks, Propinquity, and Innovation in Knowledge-intensive Industries